Sardinia / Italy AFRICAN SWINE FEVER 12 APRIL Regional Sardinian Animal Health Department & Ministry of Health

Transkriptas

1 Sardinia / Italy AFRICAN SWINE FEVER 12 APRIL 2010 Regional Sardinian Animal Health Department & Ministry of Health

2 Sardinia: pig population ASL_2_OLBIA ASL_1_SASSARI Sanitary Local Agency 1 SASSARI Herds Heads ASL_3_NUORO 2 OLBIA 3 NUORO ASL_5_ORISTANO 4 LANUSEI ASL_4_LANUSEI 5 ORISTANO SANLURI ASL_6_SANLURI 7 CARBONIA CAGLIARI ASL_7_CARBONIA ASL_8_CAGLIARI Total Sardinia

3 Pig breeding system in Sardinia Backyard % Intensive % Confined/Free ranging % Free ranging %

4 Sardinia: pig population In total in Sardinia there are around 17,000 pig farms distributed over the territory in a different way in relation to the type of farming In general the density of farms/municipality varies from a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 504 farms/km 2 (mean 64,28)

5 ASFV HISTORY ASF has arrived in the south of Sardinia in 1978, probably due to administration of kitchen waste contaminated After an initial phase of relative peace there was a number of secondary cases, always limited to the south of Sardinia, until new cases due to the transport of pigs in transhumant flocks that caused the transfer of infection through the center of Sardinia (Nuoro province)

6 ASFV HISTORY In this territory since almost all the farms are free-ranging, there were conditions for the transformation of the epidemic in endemic, which still survives, despite more eradication plans

7 ASFV HISTORY The family kind of breeding, represents, at the moment, the principal risk-factor for african swine fever, in terms of: Biosecurity Animal movements Animal identification Herd management Contacts with others domestic pigs Contacts with wild boars

8 ASFV HISTORY In the center of Sardinia, there are many pig farms without barriers (such as fences, hedges, natural barriers, etc.) In this area they are a favorable habitat for the presence of wild boars This habitat is the same for the uncontrolled domestic pigs and wild boars In Nuoro province, pigs are farmed according to traditional practices, such as grazing free-range herds on vast communal lands to utilize acorns produced by evergreen oaks

9 ASFV HISTORY free-ranging pigs are considered the primary reservoirs of ASFV in Sardinia ± whereas wild boars probably play a secondary role

10 2004 Outbreaks (blu points) in risk areas (from yellow to red)

11 2005 Outbreaks (blu points) in risk areas (from yellow to red)

12 2006 NO Outbreaks (blu points) in risk areas (from yellow to red)

13 2007 Outbreaks (blu points) ONLY in risk areas (from yellow to red)

14 2008 Outbreaks (blu points) ONLY in risk areas (from yellow to red)

15 2009 Outbreaks (blu points) ONLY 4 in risk areas (from yellow to red)

16 Asf outbreaks/year in sardinia Beginning of the eradication plan Ipoendemic period Last epidemi c period

17 105 out of 377 municipalities were involved in one or more outbreaks during the period (7.828 SqKm surface 32% of Sardinia) 26 municipalities with just one outbreak

18 Surveillance wild boar population (estimation) The surface compatible with the habitat of wild boar is km2 (less than 1/3 of the surface of the whole Region km2) TERRITORY ESTIMATION (heads) HIGH RISK ZONE REST OF TERRITORY Total

19 Surveillance wild boar Hunting season N. Samples Seropositives Prevalence 95% (cl) Virus +vi ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ,17 (1,76-2,67) ,55 (2,07-3,13) ,63 (3,02-4,36) ,59(0,38-0,90) 0

20 Surveillance wild boar The territory of Sardinia is divided in 32 macro-areas Infected zones from

21 SURVEILLANCE WILD BOAR In the hunting season two samples were founded virological positive in the macro-area of Desulo (north-east zone) The infected macro-areas of Arzachena, Orgosolo and Urzulei-Baunei (north-centraleast zone) are going to be lifted, since any sample was founded virological positive in the last two years

22 Sero-surveillance in domestic pigs Serological checks Municipality Farms (BDN 2008) Checks Orgosolo Benetutti Urzulei Austis Loculi Totale 9 Positive farms 7/9 cases in the high risk zone

23 ASFV CONTROL MEASURES In 1993, an European Union-funded ASF eradication program (EU Official Bulletin no. L 116, 1990) was adopted. According to the guidelines of the program, all pigs in ASF affected farms and pigs that tested positive to ASFV by serological tests were culled and a prompt refund was given to farmers from 1996, pigs from unaffected farms that were suspected of infection (i.e. freeranging pigs sharing pastures with ASFaffected herds) were also culled

24 Main reference legislation DPR N Febbraio 1954 Regolamento di Polizia Veterinaria D.Leg.vo 20 febbraio 2004, n. 54: Attuazione della Direttiva 2002/60/CE recante disposizioni specifiche per la lotta contro la peste suina africana; Commission Decision 2005/352/EC of 2 May 2005 approving the plan for the eradication of African swine fever in feral pigs in Sardinia, Italy Commission Decision 2005/363/EC of 2 May 2005 concerning animal health protection measures against African swine fever in Sardinia, Italy Commission Decision 2003/422/EC of 26 May 2003 approving an African swine fever diagnostic manual National plan for eradication of african swine fever

25 ASF - Programme 2010 Serological check of pig farms (sampling IC 95% prevalence 5% Serological and virological check of wild boar during the hunting season (minimum 96 animals for each macro-area in the high risk zone and 59 animals outside the high risk zone) Serological check at the slaughterhouse and in the case of slaughter for familiar consumption Serological check in order to accredit the holding Serological check before the movement of animal in non accredited holdings Serological check on animals producing meat and meat products according to the Decision 363/2005

26 2010 OUTBREAKS LOCALIZATION Zona infetta selvatico Focolaio cinghiale Focolaio suino Buffer 10KM Comuni con territori sogg.restr.

27 ASFV OUTBREAKS in PIGS /NURRI Outbreak: IT054NU011 NURRI (Cagliari Province) Suspect: Confirmation: Culling:

28 ASFV OUTBREAKS in PIGS /NURRI The animals were kept both into holdings and in pastures bounded by fences Total animals: 160 Dead: 24 Culled: 136

29 ASFV OUTBREAKS in PIGS /NURRI Restricted measures were adopted in the area around the farm: 3 Km protection zone and 10 km surveillance zone

30 ASFV OUTBREAKS in PIGS /NURRI In the 3 km protection zone a second outbreak was detected : Outbreak: IT054NU012 NURRI (Cagliari Province) Suspect: Confirmation: Culling:

31 ASFV OUTBREAKS in PIGS /NURRI The animals were detected in a holding with a little paddock Total animals: 15 Dead: 1 Culled: 14

32

33

34 ASFV OUTBREAKS in PIGS /SINNAI Outbreak: IT051CA063 SINNAI (Cagliari Province) Suspect: Confirmation: Culling:

35 ASFV OUTBREAKS in PIGS /SINNAI Outbreak: IT051CA063 SINNAI (Cagliari Province) Total: 25 + (12 discovered dead) Dead: 12 (discovered dead) Culled: 25

36 ASFV OUTBREAKS in PIGS /SINNAI The farm is very extended and the animals were kept in free-range pasture without adequate fences The Vet Services were informed on 17 March by a nuisance phone call about a smell of suspected dead animals near the farm The Vet Services discovered in the farm 12 dead pigs, so that sampling were carried out on live animals without clinical signs, which were founded serological positive The culling was carried out in both the affected primary farm of the holding and in a contact farm, managed by the same owner

37 ASFV OUTBREAKS in PIGS /SINNAI Outbreak: IT051CA063 QUARTU S. ELENA (Cagliari Province) Suspect: Confirmation: Culling: Total: 29 Dead: 15 Culled:14

38

39

40 ASFV SITUATION The epidemiological surveillance regularly performed didn t detect more positives No further spread of the disease has been detected around these last outbreaks The number of the detected outbreaks reflects the epidemiological situation of past years and confirms the favourable trend of the last five years

41 ASF - Conclusions In the high risk zone a viral reservoir exists in the domestic pig population that keeps the disease at the endemic status. Outbreaks outside the high risk zone are sporadic and they are rapidly eradicated without permanence of the virus. The epidemiological situation of wild boar is improved outside the high risk zone (no virological positives ) Most of the seropositives are detected in the restricted zones or in rural farms (no seropositives at slaughterhouse)

42 Thank you for attention